Reporting Research

Biomedical research is often based on observational studies, so it is important that all observations are carried out carefully and reported in an appropriate way to ensure that…

Your manuscript has been accepted, so what happens next? Generally, this is a three-step process: manuscript submission, peer review, and post-acceptance preparation. After a…

Academic writers are expected (maybe, unfairly) to have a larger vocabulary than those outside their field of expertise. Publishers often have restrictions on the number of pages…

The words “number” and “amount” are used to describe how many or how much of something is present. A research report might include information on the number of participants in the…

When people read in a hurry (especially when reading online material), they mostly skim through the details and pay attention only to the headlines. Headlines are the signposts…

For academics, it is very important to be able to find and access high quality and updated information related to their work. Researchers are also increasingly interested in…

Specific paired punctuation refers to a type of punctuation that occurs in pairs and is used to enclose or separate text within a sentence. These paired punctuations such as…

Some journals or style guides require papers to have a running head. But, what is a running head? A running head is a short version of the paper title that is printed as a heading…

An ellipsis is a series of three periods (also called “ellipsis points” or “ellipsis dots”) that are used to replace missing or purposely omitted text. In most cases, an ellipsis…

Manuscripts express data collected from months or years of careful experimentation. However, raw data or narratives alone don’t make good journal articles. Data visualization tools…

We have been looking at various ways in which statistics is essential in all clinical trial phases. We have examined hypothesis testing, error types, p-values, power, sample size…

Have you ever picked up a research article, only to put it down again before you have finished reading the first page? The research is interesting, but the manuscript is not well…