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Some journals or style guides require papers to have a running head. But, what is a running head? A running head is a short version of the paper title that is printed as a heading at the top of each page. If your document includes page…

Academic research was once the domain of librarians in universities. Their expertise and ability to make analytical connections among and within fields of study played a critical role in the research process. While their expertise is still…

Image credits: Nature News Scientists can now offer “preprints” to their colleagues for review, rating, and comment. These preprints are available online from the bioRxiv database. Working with this database, a new application (app) called…

Synlett, an international chemistry journal published by Thieme, has successfully tried a new form of peer review aimed to make manuscript assessment faster and fairer. The journal’s editor in chief, Benjamin List of the Max Planck…

“Camera-ready” copy refers to the final stage of text, tables, and illustrations of a manuscript and includes proper formatting. What is submitted as camera ready is printed as it is with no revisions. The term was originally coined because…

A year-long review conducted by China’s State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), has found that 80% of the data in 1,622 clinical trials were either incomplete, untraceable, or altogether missing. The CFDA found a wide-scale breakdown in…

Currently, researchers are finding that most funding agencies, organizations, and some professional journals, require data sharing as a condition of grants, awards, or for publication. Data sharing is beneficial because it allows…

If you are a seasoned researcher, you already know the answer to this question; however, if you are just starting out in the field of research, you might not understand the importance of things such as “impact factors” and other measures of…

An ellipsis is a series of three periods (also called “ellipsis points” or “ellipsis dots”) that are used to replace missing or purposely omitted text. In most cases, an ellipsis is used within quotations, but it is also used in…

Writing a thesis is tough. Current or recent graduate students understand the time and effort required to successfully complete their research program. Indeed, graduate training involves extensive amounts of research that often reflects…