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The Importance of Preparation The quotation, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend four sharpening my axe,” has been attributed to Abraham Lincoln. Whether or not that attribution is valid, the message of the quotation…

The Only Constant is Change Any young scientist struggling with the competitive challenges of modern research can be forgiven for wondering if the “old days” of academic research were less competitive, more collaborative, more collegial,…

Should a Peer Reviewer Choose Honor above Money? The peer review process has always been considered to be a proud tradition in the academic community. Experienced and highly qualified academics and scientists take time away from their…

When Is a Paper Retraction Warranted? The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) offers specific guidance as to when journal editors should consider retracting a publication: If they have clear evidence that the findings are…

What is a Research Problem? The terms research question and research problem are used interchangeably to reference the problem or issue you intend to investigate and/or solve with your research study. From the perspective of the research…

What is a Search Algorithm? In layman’s terms, an algorithm is a set of coding instructions or rules for a computer to follow in completing a calculation or problem-solving operation. A search algorithm, as the name implies, is written to…

What Is a Retraction? The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) makes a distinction between three types of responses to questionable articles or papers: Corrections – such as typos or errors in mathematical…

Opportunities for Correction Authors will argue that articles and manuscripts are always open for correction until the last possible moment. Colleagues are usually willing to go over your latest version with a fresh set of eyes, and if…

An Increasing Need for Academic Translation As open access publishing offers greater availability of journals from around the globe, the need for accurate translation of academic material continues to grow. Whether you are looking for…

Whether your benchmark for "solitary genius" is Shakespeare, Austen, Newton, Goodall, Darwin, Einstein, Franklin, Picasso, or Da Vinci, there is a certain romanticism to the notion of the world benefiting from the solitary toil of…